Process of making nitric acid.



0. BBNDBR. x Q PROCESS 0F MAKING NITRIG AGID. APPLICATION FILED APE. 15, 1907.

Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

w ,/////////,-W/// J z l PATENT oeinen.

OSCAR BENDER, OF: `NEU-BABELSBRG, GERMANY.

v in ,Processes of Making Nitric Acid',oflwhich` rnocnssonnaxme Nrrnrc non).

' Specification of IEetters Patent.

' application mea .apra 15', 19o?. seria; No. 368,343.

lbl all 'it may concern: l

Be it known that I, lO 'QAn-BEN'DER, engineelgof 12 Berlinerstrass'e, Neu-Babelsberg, near.' Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, Germany, have ,invented new and useful Improvements the following is a speclfication.

' The present vinvention refers to a process for making compounds oftoxygen directly fromthe elements at a high temperature.

The process consists ,in the mixture of oxygen and the substances tobi? oxidized befilngv heated` by a furnace to a high temperature', whereupon thehotgas-mixture is still furthermheated by an Oxy-hydrogen flame. The @o'xyhydrogen is suitably pros duced by superheated steam `being blown inte the hot space; The, steam l will` dis socite at theahigh temperature and the oxyhydrogen produced will mix with theheated gases. V `When this mixture begins to cool the hydrogen -is united with `the `oxygen in an ioxy-hydrogen flame, which `still further 'heats the reaction mixture and produces the influenced. ,'30

:uniting of the oxygen with the substance to @be oxidized. The oxids thus produced are whereupon drawn 'o by a cooler current of :'s/team, whereby the yield is more favorably An arrangement, which might .be employed for carrying out this Aprocess is shown in the' accompanying drawing, in which "Figure l is a longitudinal section, Fig. 2 -a transverse section along X-Xin l. The producer A made of re-proo material and suitably well insulated has at itsupperend a hopper 4o for charging the fue- 1. Inlthe lower part-of the generator-shaft 1s :arrangedthe 'grate-furnace e, f is the fuel fire thereon. "The tube z' arranged below the grate serves for the 'supply of atmospheric air, compressed air, oxygen and other substances required for the reaction. A second tube g which may serve the same-purpose is rovided above the grates.' Passages z. produce a communication between the spacevbelow the grate and the space above the fuel. These passages may also pass through the fuel. All tubes may be "entirely or partly closable by means of valves, slides or the like q, r, t. Above the fuel where the tem'v ,peratureis highest an annular bent tube c -is A tted into the *wall l of the producer which .55 communicates by an annular slot d with the' interior of the producer tube with 'economic production.

such a part `where the furnace produces undera strong draft the highest temperature, which caneven be increased by supplying oxy en through tube g. The thus produced disl, of steam which will fill out the whole section'of the producer-shaft, is in a completely dissociated state, so that a little above this zone, where the gases have cooled down a little, say at B an Oxy-hydrogen flame is produced, which will by its extreme"heat .again highly 'heat the substances mentioned above. A window p allows of observin the reactions going on in the upper part o the .Patented oct. e, isos. l

producer. For carrying oli' the products the tube 4lo is provided, which may communicate by a slide or the like n with the passage s leading to the chimney. Into,the exhaust-pipe k is fitted a tube Z with a nozzle m, which serves to supply steam of a lower temperature, which flows in the direction of the escapingfgases.- This steam-jet produces a suction of the gas-mixture, a thorough mixing and at'the same time byv its lower temperature a cooling to such an extent, that the oxygen-compounds will not dissociate after being thus mixed and cooled. l

The present process is of particular importance for producing nitrogen-oxygen compounds (nitric oxid, nitric'acid) from the elements, as the processA allows of a very As raw material in such instance will serve a mixture of'oxygen and nitrogen, like atmospheric air, which is suitably Venriched with oxygen and introduced in large' quantities through the tube beneathpthe grate, say by means of a fan. The producer isch'arged with a layer of coal and heated by means of forced draft to a -temperature far above 1000"v C. On passing through the coal the air is deprived of the greater part of its oxygen; it is therefore ad visable to replace such oxygen by introducing further quantities above thev` grate. By

'arranging fire-proof tubes or the like in the coal or by-passes, passages may however be created through which unchanged air may pass from' below into the upper part of the 1'20 Y .improvement consisting in heating a mixture loverheat-ed'-stea'm escapingrom tube'c is introduced ,;..dissociated whereby'l still hydrogen and ofygenplstatu nascend are produced The producer may be lined in yits upper portion'pwith fire-bricks.' for producing` al heat accumulator. The' more Y' above .10003 thetemperature 'isythepbetter the steam is dissociated and the more nascent-oxygen is obtained; `'Somewhat above tube c an oxy-l hydrogen ame is produced by the cooling of the gases', which llame will by its extreme heat again highly heatthe gases. Into the' escaping gas mixture a'steam-jet, of lower .temperature isintroduced through nozzle m.

This nozzle produces a suction and at the same 'time by its. llo'vv temperature a cooling-f of .and fixing of the nitro-oxygen compoundproduced.

I claim: p 1.1 In the process of mak-lng nitric-ac1d,-the

of oxygen and nitrogen in a furnace by a coalre and subsequentlyl by an oxy-hydro-- re of the furnace and blown into the hot space above the fuel, .the products of dlmbustion'being-vnally cooled immediately by a cooler steam current and then drawn olf.

l '3, Process of'makin nitric-acid consisting in heating oxygen an .nitrogen by heating aA mixturev of `oxygen and nitrogen in a furnace-by'a coal iirel'and subsequently by an owhydro en flame, the Oxy-hydrogen being produced'v om steam superheated by the lire ofthe Vfurnace and blown into the hot space above the I fuel, the roducts of combustion being finally cooled `immediately by a cooler steam current, flowing in the direction of the escaping ases. Y

.4. In t e process of making nitric-acid, the improvement consisting'piiiy heating amx- -ture of'oxygen and nitrogen in a furnace by a coal fire and subsequent y by an Oxy-hydroen flame, the Oxy-hydrogen being produced om steam superheated -by the lire of the furnace and blown into the-hot Space above the fuel from all sides in a disklike thin stream, filling out the ivhole section of the producer',l the products of combustion being nally cooled immediately and drawn off.

In testimony whereof Ihave hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

OSCAR BENDER.

Witnesses:

WoLDnMAR HAUPT, HENRY HAsrnR. 

